Antti Holma, Sonkajärvi ja häpeä.

Holman Christian Standard Bible

The Holman Christian Standard Bible (HCSB) is a modern English Bible translation from Holman Bible Publishers. The New Testament was published in 1999, followed by the full Bible in March 2004.

Beginnings

The roots of the HCSB can be traced to 1984, when Arthur Farstad, general editor of the New King James Version of the Bible, began a new translation project. In 1998, Farstad and LifeWay Christian Resources (the publishing arm of the Southern Baptist Convention) came to an agreement that would allow LifeWay to fund and publish the completed work.[2] Farstad died soon after, and leadership of the editorial team was turned over to Dr. Edwin Blum, who had been an integral part of the team. The death of Farstad resulted in a change to the Koine Greek source text underlying the HCSB, although Farstad had envisioned basing the new translation on the same texts used for the King James Version and New King James Version. He followed the Greek Majority Text which he and Zane C. Hodges had authored. After Farstad's death, the editorial team replaced this text with the consensus Greek New Testament established by twentieth-century scholars.[3] The editions of the United Bible Societies and of Nestle-Aland's Novum Testamentum Graece were primarily used, along with readings from other ancient manuscripts when the translators felt the original meaning was not clearly conveyed by either of the primary Greek New Testament editions.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Holman_Christian_Standard_Bible

Translation philosophy

Main article: Dynamic and formal equivalence

Holman Bible Publishers assembled an international, interdenominational team of 100 scholars and proofreaders, all of whom were committed to biblical inerrancy.[4] The translation committee sought to strike a balance between the two prevailing philosophies of Bible translation: formal equivalence (literal or word-for-word) and dynamic or functional equivalence (thought-for-thought). The translators called this balance "optimal equivalence."

According to the translators, the goal of an optimal-equivalence translation is "to convey a sense of the original text with as much clarity as possible". To that end, the ancient source texts were exhaustively scrutinized at multiple levels (word, phrase, clause, sentence, discourse) to determine their original meaning and intent. Afterwards, using the best language tools available, the semantic and linguistic equivalents were translated into as readable a text as possible.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Holman_Christian_Standard_Bible

Textual source

Making use of the most recent scholarly editions, the translators worked from the Nestle-Aland Novum Testamentum Graece 27th edition and the United Bible Societies' Greek New Testament 4th corrected edition for the New Testament, and the 5th edition of the Biblia Hebraica Stuttgartensia for the Old Testament.

In the case of significant differences among Hebrew manuscripts of the OT or among Greek manuscripts of the NT, the translators followed what they believed to be the original reading, and then cited the alternative(s) in footnotes. There are a few portions of the NT that the translation team and most biblical scholars today believe were not part of the original text. However, these texts were retained (and indicated in large square brackets) because of their undeniable antiquity and their value for tradition and the history of NT interpretation in the church.

Formats

The HCSB is available in electronic form for WORDsearch and Bible Explorer software.[5] An HCSB Study Bible became available in October 2010.[6] The HCSB is available online.[7] It is marketed in Christian publications as an apologetics Bible and has a version specifically for the Microsoft Xbox 360 called Bible Navigator X.[8] It is also available in Accordance Bible Digital Library.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Holman_Christian_Standard_Bible

Updates

The 2nd edition HCSB appeared in 2010. The most significant change was the expanded use of the covenant name of God, known as the tetragrammaton, transliterated as "Yahweh," rather than translated as "LORD." In the first edition Yahweh was found in 78 places; the update increased that to 495 instances.[9] (The tetragrammaton appears in over 6,800 places in the Old Testament[10](p142)) Print editions began rolling out in 2010.

In June 2016 B&H Publishing announced a revision of the translation called the Christian Standard Bible (CSB).[11] The CSB print edition began appearing in March 2017 with the electronic edition already available. The 2017 edition of CSB returned to the traditional practice in English Bible versions, rendering the tetragrammaton with a title rather than a proper name, thus removing all 656 appearances of the personal name of God- Yahweh. Now Adonai (Hebrew for Lord) and the tetragrammaton are both translated by the same English word (with a small typographic distinction). This was a major reversal of the translation committee direction over the previous decade, of highlighting God's personal name in Scripture. As stated in the introduction of the HCSB: "Yahweh is used more often in the Holman CSB than in most Bible translations because the word LORD in English is a title of God and does not accurately convey to modern readers the emphasis on God's name in the original Hebrew."

Comparison of Psalm 83:18

HCSB: May they know that You alone— whose name is Yahweh— are the Most High over all the earth.

CSB: May they know that you alone— whose name is the LORD are the Most High over the whole earth.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Holman_Christian_Standard_Bible

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Holma,_Lysekil_Municipality

Holma, Lysekil Municipality

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Holma

Holma säteri

Seat farm

Holma manor

Holma manor

Holma is located in Västra Götaland

Holma

Holma

Location in Västra Götaland County

Coordinates: 58°22′46″N 11°33′43″ECoordinates: 58°22′46″N 11°33′43″E

Country Sweden

Province Bohuslän

County Västra Götaland County

Municipality Lysekil Municipality

Time zone CET

• Summer (DST) UTC+2 (CEST)

Website www.lysekil.se

Holma is a seat farm in Brastad socken, Lysekil Municipality, Sweden,[1] by the shore of Gullmarn fjord. It was established in the 15th century. Since then, a number of Danish, Norwegian and Swedish noble families, depending on which country Bohuslän belonged to at the time, have resided at Holma. Some of these are the Friis, Bagge and Onstad families. The manor's coat of arms is from the Norwegian time and depicts a lindworm.[2][3]

During the 16th century, Holma belonged to the Bagge family and in the 17th century it was owned by Rutger von Ascheberg and the Virgin family. In 1781, it was bought by wholesale merchant Bundsen who expanded the seat farm to its present size. During the 19th century, fishing in the fjord was a major sorce of income for the manor which had factories for salting herring and train oil made from boiled herring to extract the oil. The fishing also yielded atlantic salmon, oysters and lobsters. Equally large sources of income were farming and timber production. The manor also had a brännvin factory.[3]

The current main building at the manor was built in 1911. It is predated by some barns and sheds that are still in use and a dilapidated mill by the now drained mill pond in the west part of the estate.[4] During the early 20th century, Holma was one of the stations for steamboats trafficking the fjord.[5] The steamboat quay is now part of a marina for small boats.[6]

In 2013, a golf course was built at Holma. It is an 18 hole course maintained by Lysekil Holma GK. The golf club and its facilities are housed in the barns and sheds of the original seat farm.[7][8]

"Golfbana vid Holma Säteri". www.lysekil.se. Lysekil Municipality. Archived from the original on 21 August 2010. Retrieved 19 May 2016.

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Populated places in Västra Götaland CountyHouses in BohuslänGolf clubs and courses in Sweden

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Rosenberg, Carl Martin (1882). Geografiskt-statistiskt handlexikon öfver Sverige. Stockholm: A. V. Carlssons Förlag. p. 728.

Historiskt-geografiskt och statistiskt lexikon öfver Sverige. Stockholm: Åke C. W. Hammars Förlag. 1862. pp. 395–396.

Carlquist, Gunnar, ed. (1932). Svensk uppslagsbok. 13. Malmö: Baltiska förlaget. p. 219. SELIBR 1335380.

"Lysekil kn, HOLMA 2:1 HOLMA SÄTERI". www.bebyggelseregistret.raa.se. Swedish National Heritage Board. Retrieved 19 May 2016.

Hjertquist, Ulf. "Stig Utberg på farofyllda färder i fjärran Indonesien" (PDF). www.hembygd.se. Hembygd. Retrieved 19 May 2016.

"Stadgar för Holma Båtklubb (1976)". www.holmabatklubb.se. Holma Båtklubb. Archived from the original on 24 June 2016. Retrieved 19 May 2016.

Hellsten, CM (4 October 2013). "Testa nytt på lovet". www.svenskgolf.se. Svensk Golf. Retrieved 19 May 2016.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Holma

Holma

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This article is about a genus of spiders. For other uses, see Holma, Lysekil Municipality.

Holma

Scientific classification edit

Kingdom: Animalia

Phylum: Arthropoda

Subphylum: Chelicerata

Class: Arachnida

Order: Araneae

Infraorder: Araneomorphae

Family: Linyphiidae

Genus: Holma

Locket, 1974[1]

Species: H. bispicata

Binomial name

Holma bispicata

Locket, 1974

Holma is a monotypic genus of Central African dwarf spiders containing the single species, Holma bispicata. It was first described by G. H. Locket in 1974,[2] and has only been found in Angola.[1]

See also

List of Linyphiidae species (A–H)

References

"Gen. Holma Locket, 1974". World Spider Catalog Version 20.0. Natural History Museum Bern. 2019. doi:10.24436/2. Retrieved 2019-06-15.

Locket, G. H. (1974). "Notes on some African linyphiid spiders". Publicações Culturais da Companhia de Diamantes de Angola. 88: 167–176.

Taxon identifiers

Holma

Wikidata: Q14631522 BioLib: 608160 EoL: 112382 GBIF: 2135259 iNaturalist: 419185 IRMNG: 1434918 ITIS: 848510 WSC: urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidergen:01012

Holma bispicata

Wikidata: Q1310571 ADW: Holma EoL: 1190418 GBIF: 2135260 IRMNG: 10024066 ITIS: 858196 WSC: urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:010836

This Linyphiidae-related article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.

Categories:

LinyphiidaeMonotypic Araneomorphae generaSpiders of AfricaLinyphiidae stubs

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Holman_Projector

Holman Projector

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Holman Projector

Holman Projector in action.jpg

A Holman Projector prepared for early trials at Porthtowan. A crude anti-aircraft sight is fitted to the mortar barrel. Morris Oram firing.

Type Grenade Projector

Place of origin United Kingdom

Production history

Designer Morris Oram

The Holman Projector was an anti-aircraft weapon used by the Royal Navy during World War II, primarily between early 1940 and late 1941. The weapon was proposed and designed by Holmans, a machine tool manufacturer based at Camborne, Cornwall. A number of models were produced during the war years, but all worked on the principle of a pneumatic mortar, using compressed air or high pressure steam to fire an explosive projectile at enemy aircraft.[1]

Intended primarily as a stop-gap defensive weapon for British merchant ships, which had been suffering heavy losses from Luftwaffe aircraft flying anti-shipping missions, the low altitude at which such strikes often took place (such as during torpedo attacks by Heinkel He 111's or skip-bombing attacks by Focke-Wulf Fw 200 Condor) meant that a weapon of such limited range and velocity could throw up an effective screen of fire over a vessel, even if only to create a distracting or deterrent effect, obliging the enemy to bomb from greater heights which reduced bombing accuracy.

While ineffective against normal bombing attacks from higher altitudes, the weapon was far cheaper, easier to build and install in great numbers than conventional anti-aircraft artillery.

Holmans specialised in producing gas compressors and pneumatic equipment and its owner, Treve Holman, conceived a way that his firm could aid in the war effort beyond the production of tools. Recalling the World War I-era Stokes Mortar and its successor, the Ordnance ML 3 inch Mortar, Holman believed that it would be possible to produce a version powered by compressed air.

Preliminary tests showed that the idea was feasible, with an early prototype throwing an eighteen-pound steel weight nearly 100 yards (91 m).

Contents

1 Mk I

2 Mk II

3 Mk III

4 Effectiveness

5 Ammunition

6 See also

7 References

7.1 Notes

7.2 General references

8 External links

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Holman_Projector

Mk I

The design eventually settled on for the Mk I featured a 4½ foot unrifled steel barrel. Rounds were dropped down the barrel from the muzzle, and the pneumatic system triggered instantly upon the round striking the base. The rounds themselves were made from an open-topped metal container, holding a Mills bomb fitted with a 3.5 second fuse. High-pressure air bottles were able to supply enough power to fire fifty rounds each, with a maximum height during trials of around 600 feet (180 m). The rate of fire could reach thirty rounds per minute in the hands of an experienced crew. More appealing yet to the armed forces was the fact that the weapon could be produced using only cast iron and mild steel, both of which were in fairly ready supply at this stage of the war.

An official trial of the Mk I Projector took place in February, 1940 with resounding success. An order was placed by the Royal Navy for 1000 of the Mk I models, and the weapons proved just as successful in action; the first confirmed success reported only three weeks after the initial batch were sent out when a Heinkel aircraft was damaged.[2]:97

While direct hits were rare, the bombs fired by the projector displayed an unexpected property — the explosion would leave a large puff of black smoke, absent from ground-based explosions from similar grenades. Firing a large number in quick succession gave the impression to incoming Luftwaffe pilots that the target vessel was armed with something far more deadly than the Holman Projector, deterring or disrupting attacks, or convincing the aircraft's crew an attack at greater range would be prudent, with a commensurate decrease in accuracy.

Mk II

The Mk II Projector was developed after a request from the Royal Navy for a version that could be fired using steam in place of compressed air, since the steam-engined trawlers (both fishing and minesweeping) had the former in plentiful supply.

The Stokes design of the Mk I needed to be abandoned for this, since the harsh weather experienced by the trawlers invariably rusted the valves of the pneumatics. When steam was used in such a system, the water would condense in the pipes and prevent firing of the weapon. To solve this, a firing trigger was added, in place of the Stokes design in which the round would be fired automatically.

The new version was fitted to a wide variety of ships, from destroyers to minesweepers and motor gun boats: to demonstrate the weapon's versatility, a trial was arranged in Aldershot, Hampshire before Prime Minister Winston Churchill.

No Mills rounds were brought, as it was assumed that some form of ammunition would be provided by the British Army, who were overseeing the trials but these were overlooked and the trial was set to be delayed until one officer thought to bring out the bottles of beer that were to have been served at lunch: the smooth bore of the Projector allowed even these irregular projectiles to be fired successfully, with all striking the target with an explosion of glass and foam. The Prime Minister commented on the weapon afterwards, describing it as "A very good idea, this weapon of yours. It will save our cordite".

(This was prophetic: while possibly apocryphal stories of projectors mounted on trawlers being used to fire 'spuds' (potatoes) at low-flying German aircraft for the want of Mills bombs led to the nickname 'potato thrower'. 'spud gun' etc.)

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Holman_Projector

Regardless of the successful trial results the Mk II proved to be highly inaccurate when fired at distant moving targets: only a dozen or so aircraft were confirmed to have been downed by the weapon in its first year of service but it succeeded in convincing many more aircraft that the target vessel was more heavily equipped with more effective weapons, confirmed by the large number of reports were made about Luftwaffe aircraft turning away from an attack after salvos from ship-mounted Holman Projectors.

Within the Admiralty, the perception was that the Projector was a useful stop-gap weapon in the early years of the war, when other more effective anti aircraft weaponry, such as the Oerlikon 20 mm cannon, were in short supply.

Mk III

In 1941, production of the Mk III Holman Projector began. This version was semi-automatic, and capable of firing multiple projectiles in a single salvo to a height of around 1,000 feet (300 m). The Admiralty placed an order for a further one thousand units, to be fitted to coastal gunboats and other light craft, where the light recoil of the weapon had proven useful. Morris Oram, from Camborne, lead the development and was later presented by W. Churchill with a commemorative picture after successful trials of the Mk III at Portsmouth. He worked for over 50 years at Holman Brothers.

Plans were drawn up for a Mk IV version of the Projector to fill this niche more readily, with a shorter barrel and swivel base but when these were ready the war had progressed, more advanced weaponry was available and that made the Projector obsolete.

A number of the earlier model Projectors remained in service and discouraged attacks in the Mediterranean by some smaller submarines, and a small number were adapted to fire grapnels for commando cliff assaults.

In total around 4,500 Holman Projectors were put into active service during World War II, and several can still be found in museums in the United Kingdom.

Effectiveness

While Holman Projector had limited success with one cargo ship's crew shooting down two airplanes, it became better known for its other uses. Since it had a wide barrel, the projector could shoot nearly anything that could fit inside it; the most popular makeshift ammunition was potatoes.[3]

Ammunition

H.E. round

Illuminating round

See also

flagCornwall portal

Northover Projector, another World War II grenade throwing device

AA Mine Discharger, a Japanese anti-aircraft mortar.

Unrotated Projectile, another Royal Navy anti-aircraft weapon.

Steam cannon, other steam-powered missile launchers

References

Notes

Lambert et al., 1990, p191

Pawle, Gerald (1957). "9. The Potato-Thrower". The Secret War 1939-45. WILLIAM SLOANE ASSOCIATES, INC.

How the Humble Potato Cannon Served the Allies in World War Two Popular Mechanics, Retrieved April 4, 2017.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Holman_Projector

General references

Lambert, John; Al Ross (1990). Allied Coastal Forces of World War II. Conway. ISBN 0-85177-519-5.

Pawle, G. The Secret War, White Lion, 1972. ISBN 0-85617-120-4

Central Office of Information, British Coaster, 1939-1945, HMSO, 1947.

Ministry of Information, Merchantmen at War: The Official Story of the Merchant Navy, 1939–1944, HMSO, 1944.

External links

Media related to Holman Projector at Wikimedia Commons

vte

British Commonwealth naval weapons of the Second World War

Monitor guns

BL 15-inch

Capital ship main armament

BL 14-inch BL 15-inch BL 16-inch

Heavy cruiser main armament

BL 7.5-inch Mk VI BL 8-inch Mk VIII

Secondary armament and

light cruiser main armament

QF 4-inch Mk V QF 4.5-inch QF 5.25-inch BL 6-inch Mk XII BL 6-inch Mk XXII BL 6-inch Mk XXIII

Minesweeper, Sloop, Corvette,

Frigate and Destroyer armament

QF 6-pounder 10 cwt QF 12-pounder 12 cwt Mk V QF 4-inch Mk IV BL 4-inch Mk IX QF 4-inch Mk XVI QF 4-inch Mk XIX QF 4.5-inch BL 4.7-inch Mk II QF 4.7-inch Mk IX & XII QF 4.7-inch Mk XI

Submarine guns

QF 12-pounder 12 cwt Mk V QF 3-inch 20 cwt QF 4-inch Mk XII & XXII

Anti-aircraft weapons

Unrotated projectile Holman Projector 20 mm Oerlikon QF 2-pounder "pom-pom" Mk VIII 40 mm Bofors QF 3-inch 20 cwt QF 4-inch Mk V QF 4-inch Mk XVI QF 4.5-inch QF 4.7-inch Mk VIII

Light weapons

.303 Lewis machine gun .50 Vickers Mk III machine gun QF 3-pounder Vickers

Torpedoes

21-inch Mk VII 21-inch Mk VIII 21-inch Mk X 21-inch Mk XI 24.5-inch Mk I

Anti-submarine weapons

Thornycroft depth charge thrower Hedgehog Squid

Small craft armament

Molins 6-pounder Vickers K machine gun 18-inch torpedo

Foreign-sourced weapons

20 mm Oerlikon 40 mm Bofors 3-inch 23 caliber gun (US) 3-inch 50 caliber gun (US) 4-inch 50 caliber Mark 9 gun (US) 5-inch 51 caliber Mark 8 gun (US) Y-gun depth charge projector (US) Mark 8 torpedo (US)

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Holman_Projector

Categories:

Naval anti-aircraft weaponsGrenade launchers of the United KingdomPneumatic mortarsMilitary history of CornwallAnti-aircraft guns of the United KingdomWorld War II naval weapons of the United KingdomBritish Merchant NavyIngersoll Rand

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