Kysymyksiä lähdeluettelosta

Mä käytän Harvardia.

Vierailija:

Kun ilmoitatte tekstissä lähteen, käytättekö vuosilukuna alkuperäistä kirjan painovuosilukua vai käyttämänne uudemman painoksen vuosilukua?

Jos kirjalla on todella monta kirjoittajaa, mainitsetteko ne kaikki nimet jo tekstissä lainatessanne vai vasta lopun lähdeluettelossa?

Mulla on siis melko suora lainaus tekstin alkuosassa jota sitten käsittelen. Olen nyt laittanut sen lainauksen jälkeen kirjailijoiden sukunimet, kirjan nimen vuosiluvun? ja sivunumeron sulkuihin.

Ja sitten vielä koko homman uudestaan lähdeluetteloon ilman sivumeroita, koska koko teos on tavallaan tausta aineistoa.

Menikö oikein?

Kiitos

Example 1. One author

In the case of books and articles, the reference citation consists of the following information: the last name of the author, the year of publication, and the page number(s).

(Lotti 2001, 65)

(Kauppinen 2002, 38)

Example 2. Two authors

If there are two authors, both of them should always be mentioned. In the body text, separate the names by ¿and¿. In the case of a parenthetical citation, you can use the symbol &. The names of the authors are listed in the order in which they appear on the cover page of the book or article, regardless of whether they are in alphabetical order or not.

In parentheses: (Storbacka & Lehtinen 1997, 31).

In the body text: According to Storbacka and Lehtinen (1997, 31) ...

Example 3. Three or more authors

If there are three or more authors, all are mentioned when the work is cited for the first time: (Hirsjärvi, Remes & Sajavaara 2001, 322).

If the same source is mentioned again, give only the name of the first author followed by et al. (Hirsjärvi et al. 2001, 322).

If there are six or more authors, give only the name of the first author followed by et al., even when the source is mentioned for the first time.

Example 4. References to more than one publication

The reference citation may consist of more than one source. In this case, the information in parentheses is usually given in alphabetical order. Separate the publications by a semicolon.

(Grönroos 2001, 112; Sillanpää 2002, 156)

Example 5. References to sources with no identifiable author

If the author of the text is not identifiable, provide the name of the publication or the publisher.

(Vitriini 5/2002, 9)

(The Economist 20 March 2004, 84)

(The Central Chamber of Commerce 1999, 12)

Example 6. References to Internet sites

To refer to a source on the Internet, follow the same procedure as with printed sources. In other words, provide the name of the author/publisher/publication and the year of publication. It may not be possible to include the page number(s), except in the case of PDF documents, for example.

(Lehtinen 2001)

(Finnair 2002)

(Finlex) ¿ no year of publication

Example 7. Reference applying to one sentence

If your reference applies to a single sentence in your own text, cite the author' s name, the year of publication, and the page number in parentheses at the end of the sentence, before the final period.

A number of new airlines were established in the 1980s when regulations on the industry were lifted (Oslund 2001, 31).

Please note that alternative reporting structures are also possible:

As pointed out by Oslund (2001, 31), a number of new airlines were established in the 1980s when regulations on the industry were lifted.

According to Oslund, a number of new airlines were established in the 1980s when regulations on the industry were lifted (2001, 31).

Example 8. Reference applying to more than one sentence

If your reference applies to more than one sentence in your own text, the reference citation is placed after the period ending the last sentence. In other words, there is a period after the sentence and another period after the reference within parentheses.

The role of health care in the business world is indisputable. Health care, which consumes one-seventh of the U. S. economy, is a notable business with high profits. There are lots of preconceptions and expectations concerning the quality of care, and the high volume of questionable reporting can be seen as contributing to such public expectations. (Lieberman 2001, 280.)

As pointed out in example 7 above, there are alternative reporting structures.

Example 9. Direct quotations

Use direct quotations sparingly to make sure that they do not suffer from inflation. Be careful not to quote out of context. Integrate short direct quotations (a maximum of three lines) into your text and enclose them in double quotation marks.

According to Glasgall, ¿derivatives are a hot topic for reporters around the world, but there is a lot more to derivatives than scandals¿ (2001, 139).

If a direct quotation is longer than three lines, it should be indented. In this case, you need not use the double quotation marks. The font size for the quoted text is 10 pt.

3.4 Bibliography







The bibliography should provide the reader with a detailed account of the sources used in the preparation of the thesis. With the help of the bibliography, the reader is able to locate additional information on the topic and to check the accuracy of the information referred to. This, in turn, makes it possible for the reader to assess the overall quality of the thesis.







The bibliography is divided into two categories: published sources and unpublished sources. These should be listed separately.







The bibliographical information should be listed as follows:







Books: Author(s); year of publication; title; edition (if not first); series code (if the book has been published as part of a series); publisher; and publisher¿s place of operation.







Ghauri, P. & Grønhaug, K. 2002. Research Methods in Business Studies: A Practical Guide. 2nd Edition. Pearson Education. Harlow.







Hallwood C. P. & MacDonald, R. 1994. International Money and Finance. Second edition. Blackwell. Oxford.







Hirsjärvi, S. , Remes, P. & Sajavaara, P. 2001. Tutki ja kirjoita. 6th Edition. Kirjayhtymä Oy. Helsinki.







Jordan, R. R. 1999. Academic Writing Course: Study Skills in English. Longman. Harlow.







Keats, D. M. 2000. Interviewing: A Practical Guide for Students and Professionals. Open University Press. Buckingham.







Malhotra, N. K. & Birks, D. F. 2003. Marketing Research: An Applied Approach. Second European Edition. Pearson Education. Harlow.







Articles: Author(s); year of publication; title of the article; title of the periodical or journal; volume number; part number; issue number (for periodicals and journals); date of issue (for newspapers); page numbers.







Pashigian P., Peltzman, S. & Sun, J. -M. 2003. Firm Responses to Income Inequality and the Cost of Time. Review of Industrial Organization 22, pp. 253-273.







Ralston, S. M., Kirkwood, W. G. & Burant, P. A. 2003. Helping Interviewees Tell Their Stories. Business Communication Quarterly 66:3, pp. 8-22.







Author not identifiable: The bibliographical entry should start with the information provided in the reference citation (in the text), otherwise it may be difficult for the reader to find the right source.







The Economist 20 March 2004. The Information Gap¿



The Central Chamber of Commerce 1999. Yrityksen perustajan opas¿







A compilation or a collection of edited papers: Author of the text cited; year of publication; title of the text cited; editor(s); title of the collection; page numbers of the text cited; publisher; publisher¿s place of operation.







Roberts, M. J. 1992. Testing Oligopolistic Behaviour. In Gee, J. M. A. and Norman, G. (eds). Market Strategy and Structure. Pp. 501-517. Harvester Wheatsheaf. New York.







Lehtonen, J. 1998. Yhteisöt ja julkisuus. Mainonnasta yhteiskunnalliseen keskusteluun. In Kivikuru, U-M. & Kunelius, R. (eds). Viestinnän jäljillä. Pp. 119¿142. WSOY. Helsinki.







Interviews and personal communications: Name of the interviewee; year; interviewee¿s position in the organization; name of the organization; location of the organization; date of the interview or personal communications.







Halttunen, K. 2000. Personnel Manager. Firm Oy. Vantaa. 15 November 2000.







Internet sites: Key word; year of publication (if available); title or heading; (name of the publication, year, volume number, part number, issue number); site address; date of access. For possible future reference, always remember to print out a copy of the Internet source for your own records.







Finnair 2004. Finnair to Incorporate Its Ground Handling Operations. Press Release. http: //www. finnairgroup. com/investor/sijoittaja_8_2_1. html?&Id=1077607285. html. Accessed 17 March 2004.







Do not underline the Internet address. Internet sites belong to unpublished sources.

Kirjoitan vasta ensimmäisen vuoden kannanottopaperiania.